Acculturation and the Mental Health Challenges and Needs among Iranian Immigrant Students in the Niagara Region, Canada: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

This qualitative study examined the mental health challenges of Iranian immigrant students in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada. Using Interpretive Description and thematic analysis, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine Iranian post-secondary students to explore how acculturation shaped their psychological well-being. Four key themes emerged: (1) navigating emotional challenges in transition, (2) cultural and linguistic barriers, (3) socioeconomic stressors, and (4) coping strategies and resilience. Participants reported emotional distress related to uncertainty, isolation, language difficulties, cultural adjustment, financial strain, and housing insecurity. These challenges often compounded one another, placing students under persistent mental pressure. Despite this, participants demonstrated resilience through social support, especially from culturally similar peers, as well as through self-reliance, mindset shifts, and limited use of culturally sensitive professional services. Findings highlight the complex interplay between vulnerability and resilience in the immigrant student experience and underscore the need for culturally responsive mental health services, peer mentorship, and institutional supports tailored to international students. Keywords: Iranian students, mental health, immigration, international student, Canada