The Relationship Between ADHD-like Behaviors and Sensory Processing Profiles in Males and Females in a Non-Referred Population

Abstract

Abstract This study investigated the relationship between ADHD-like behaviors and sensory processing profiles in a non-referred sample of university students, with a focus on sex differences. A total of 224 participants (125 females, 99 males; ages 17–25) completed the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) and the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP). Using Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses, we examined how four sensory processing profiles—Low Registration, Sensation Seeking, Sensory Sensitivity, and Sensation Avoiding— predicted ADHD-like behaviors (Inattention, Hyperactivity, and Impulsivity). Inattention was significantly predicted by Low Registration and Sensory Sensitivity; Hyperactivity by Low Registration and Sensation Seeking; and Impulsivity by all four sensory profiles. While overall patterns were consistent across females and males, Inattention was significantly correlated with Sensation Avoiding among females only. Furthermore, t-test results showed that females scored higher than males on Sensory Sensitivity, Sensation Avoiding, Inattention, and Impulsivity. These findings reinforce the view of ADHD as a continuum, showing that ADHD-like behaviors are present even within a non-referred population and are linked to sensory processing differences. This study highlights how sensory traits - such as differences in detecting and regulating sensory input - shape our attention and behavior. Supporting the need for personalized, context-sensitive approaches to understanding ADHD like behaviors that move beyond categorical diagnoses. Keywords: ADHD-like behaviors, sensory processing, sex differences, AASP, CAARS, emerging adults.